what are some examples for impairment according to the world health organization

Types of visual damage

The World Wellness Organization (WHO) International Classification of Harm, Disabilities, and Handicaps (ICIDH) organisation is used to classify the types of visual impairment.

This arrangement, as the proper noun suggests, is used to classify disorders, impairments, disabilities, and handicaps.

Definition of harm

Damage is defined every bit "any loss or aberration in an anatomical structure or a physiological or psychological function."

Similarly a disability is "any restriction or lack (resulting from an damage) of power to perform an activity in the manner or inside the range considered normal for a human being."

This places an private in a handicap that is a person's disadvantaged position in society due to an impairment or disability.

Definition of visual harm

Visual damage is defined as the limitation of actions and functions of the visual system.

The National Eye Institute defines low vision equally a visual damage not correctable past standard glasses, contact lenses, medication or surgery that interferes with the power to perform activities of daily living.

Types of visual impairment

According to the CDC and the World Wellness Organization the classification of visual acuity and impairment includes (1, ii) –

• Low visual acuity means vision between 20/seventy and 20/400 with the best possible correction, or a visual field of 20 degrees or less
• Blindness is defined as a visual acuity worse than 20/400 with the best possible correction, or a visual field of 10 degrees or less
• Legal blindness in the US means visual acuity of xx/200 or worse with the best possible correction, or a visual field of 20 degrees or less.
• Visual acuity of 20/70 to 20/400 (inclusive) is considered moderate visual impairment or low vision.

Causes of visual impairment

Types of damage are unlike for unlike causes of visual impairment. In full vision loss for example there may be total darkness of the visual fields. Other types include visual harm in glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration and then along. (1-5)

Visual impairment in glaucoma

This status is due to the rise of normal fluid pressure level inside the optics. The blazon of vision is normally like a tunnel.

The intact vision remains in the centre while progressively the peripheries outset decreasing. The eye of the tunnel reduces in size progressively till total vision is lost if left uncorrected.

Historic period-Related Macular Degeneration

A central area of woolly or cottony opacity obscures the cardinal role of the vision.

The peripheries may exist normally seen. AMD usually blurs the sharp, key vision that is needed for closely viewed activities similar reading, sewing, and driving. This is a painless condition.

Cataract

There is general clouding of the vision. As the whole heart lens is affected the blurring of vision may be diffuse until it is totally lost.

At that place may exist other symptoms like photophobia – inability to see the light; diplopia – double vision etc. Cataracts are very common in older people.

Diabetic Retinopathy

Diabetes leads to damage of the smaller arteries and blood vessels at the back of the eyes over the retina.

Diabetic retinopathy is the about common diabetic center affliction and a leading cause of blindness in adults.

Usually vision impairment in diabetics begins as black spots or floating shapes that appear in the field of vision. Slowly complete vision may be lost if left unchecked.

Near sightedness

Myopia or near sightedness or short sightedness means a person tin can come across nearby objects clearly but afar objects appear blurred. Loftier myopia may lead to vision damage.

Retinitis Pigmentosa

This is a genetic or inherited condition. Initially it manifests as night incomprehension.

As the affliction progresses there may exist a tunnelling of vision with loss of peripheral vision followed past complete blindness.

Further Reading

• All Visual Harm Content
• What is visual impairment?
• Visual damage Causes
• Visual impairment Diagnosis
• Visual impairment Treatment

Last Updated: Jun five, 2019

Written by

Dr. Ananya Mandal

Dr. Ananya Mandal is a doctor by profession, lecturer by vocation and a medical writer by passion. She specialized in Clinical Pharmacology after her bachelor's (MBBS). For her, health communication is not but writing complicated reviews for professionals only making medical noesis understandable and bachelor to the general public as well.

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